Evolution of India’s transformation: From post-independence nation-building to digital society, inclusion, and development challenges

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58881/kpsbsl.v3i1.141

Keywords:

digital revolution, economic growth, technological advancements, post-independence, social change, transformation

Abstract

The concept of “transformation” refers to significant changes that are observable and impactful in various aspects of society. In India, transformation began post-independence but can be traced back to the freedom movements, which also marked the early stages of change. This study explores the evolution of transformation in India, focusing on its diverse impacts, particularly in the fields of science, technology, economics, and culture. The primary aim of the research is to examine the key drivers behind India’s transformation, from the historical context of independence to the current era of digital revolution. The study employs a qualitative research method, analysing historical data, government reports, and technological advancements that have shaped the country. A thematic analysis reveals that while India experienced gradual shifts in its economy, culture, and technological landscape, the most significant changes occurred with the advent of digitalization, which has revolutionized communication, governance, and business. The conclusion highlights that transformation in India continues to unfold, influenced by both traditional factors and new-age technological innovations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

A, A., S, S., & P, M. (2024). Colonial Impact on Indian Society: Analyzing Social and Economic Changes from 1757 to 1947. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.22803.

Battaglia, G. (2020). The digital turn? Technological transformations in the history of documentary cinema in India. Comunicazioni Sociali, 39-66. https://doi.org/10.4000/com.8654

Bhargava, R. (2012). The challenge of religious reform in India. Oxford University Press.

Chandra, B. (2000). India's struggle for independence. Penguin Books.

Das, G. (2000). India Unbound: The Social and Economic Revolution from Independence to the Global Information Age. Penguin Books.

Frank, A. G. (1966). The development of underdevelopment. Monthly Review Press.

Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology (4th ed.). Polity Press.

Government of India. (2020). Digital India Programme. Retrieved from https://www.digitalindia.gov.in

Grover, S., & Mathew, L. (2022). Exploring the digital revolution in education in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Journal of Social Quality, 12(2), 204. https://doi.org/10.3167/IJSQ.2022.120204

Imchen, Nungsangyula. (2025). India's Emergence as a Global Leader in the Digital Revolution. 10.4018/979-8- 3693-7175-6.ch008.

ITU. (2022). Improving Digital Literacy in India – A Review. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/12/improving-digital-literacy-in-india-a-review/

Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R. P., & Sinha, A. K. (2024). Digital economy to improve the culture of industry 4.0: A study on features, implementation and challenges. Global Research on Emerging Technology Systems, 12(1), 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2024.100083

KPMG India. (2023). Future of Digital Governance. Retrieved from https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2023/01/future-of-digital-governance.html

Kumar, P. (2024). Digital revolution: India's transformation into a global digital powerhouse. Journal of Social Review and Development, Special 1, 98-100. ISSN 2583-2816. Retrieved from https://www.dzarc.com/socialPage

Kumar, S. (2025). Evolution of Modern India: A Study of Colonial Legacy and Nationalist Awakening. Universal Research Reports. https://doi.org/10.36676/urr.v12.i3.1569.

McClelland, D. C. (1966). The psychology of economic development. Harper & Row.

Ministry of Communications. (2022). BharatNet Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.bharatnet.in

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. (2021). PMGDISHA: Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan. Retrieved from https://meity.gov.in

Ministry of Finance. (2022). E-filing Tax Returns. Retrieved from https://www.incometax.gov.in

Misra, M. (2024). Subalterns and the State: Developments in Colonial and Post-Independence India in a Historical Perspective. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.32909.

Mukherjee, A. (2020). The Transformation of the Indian Economy in the Contemporary Period: from the Colonial to the Post-Colonial. Asian Review of World Histories. https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340062.

N, M. (2025). Socio-Religious Reform Movements in Modern India. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50650

National Cyber Security Policy. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.mea.gov.in

Nirmaan Organization. National Digital Literacy Mission. Retrieved from https://nirmaan.org/national-digital- literacy-mission/

Oxfam India. (2022). India Inequality Report 2022: Digital Divide. Retrieved from https://idronline.org/article/inequality/indias-digital-divide-from-bad-to-worse/

Panagariya, A. (2022). Digital revolution, financial infrastructure, and entrepreneurship: The case of India. Agricultural Economics, 53(1), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aglobe.2022.100027

Patel, B., & Bharadwaj, A. (2025). Constitutionalism and Nation-Making: A Historical Study of India’s Constituent Assembly. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.6948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.53020.

Petlenko, I. (2024). Postcolonial India: The Role Of Leader In Society Transformation. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1771/2523-4064.2024/11-6/13.

Petlenko, I. (2025). Post-Colonial India: Rethinking Politics, Economy And Cultre. Scientific Journal of Polonia University. https://doi.org/10.23856/6826.

Rai & Singh. (2023). Challenges in Aadhaar Integration. Journal of Digital Governance.

Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.

Sarkar, S. (1997). Modern India: 1885-1947. Macmillan.

Siddiqui, K. (2018). The Political Economy of India’s Economic Changes since the last Century. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 19, 103-132. https://doi.org/10.15678/aoc.2018.1906.

Sindakis, S., & Showkat, G. (2024). The digital revolution in India: Bridging the gap in rural technology adoption. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00380-w

Singh, T. (2024). Developing an Awareness of Indian Democratically Constitutional Principles and Cultural Background. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/1.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i03.22005.

Singh, V. (2024). India's digital revolution: Weaving threads of progress, inclusion, and responsibility. Business World. Retrieved from https://www.businessworld.in/article/indias-digital-revolution-weaving-threads-of-progress-inclusion-and-responsibility-507932

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). (2023). Telecom Subscription Data. Retrieved from https://trai.gov.in

World Bank. (2021). India: Reducing inequality. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india

Published

2026-01-12

How to Cite

Sunkad, G. (2026). Evolution of India’s transformation: From post-independence nation-building to digital society, inclusion, and development challenges. Kajian Pendidikan, Seni, Budaya, Sosial Dan Lingkungan, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.58881/kpsbsl.v3i1.141