Rekonstruksi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam: Pendekatan teori humanistik Abraham Maslow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58881/kpsbsl.v3i2.164Keywords:
Islamic religious education, learning reconstruction, humanistic theory, self-actualization, aktualisasi diri, pendidikan agama Islam, rekonstruksi pembelajaran, teori humanistikAbstract
Islamic Religious Education (IRE) continues to face various challenges in its implementation, particularly the tendency of learning to focus primarily on knowledge transfer and the achievement of cognitive outcomes. This condition results in learning processes that are less capable of addressing the affective, spiritual, and character-building dimensions of students in a comprehensive manner. Consequently, although students may possess adequate religious knowledge, they are not always able to internalize Islamic values in their daily lives. Therefore, there is a need to reconstruct IRE learning into a more humanistic, transformative, and student-centred approach that promotes the holistic development of learners' potential. This study aims to analyse Abraham Maslow’s humanistic theory, examine its relevance to Islamic Religious Education, and formulate a reconstruction of IRE learning based on Maslow’s humanistic theory. This research employs a library research method by reviewing various scholarly works related to humanistic theory, Islamic education, and Islamic Religious Education learning. The findings indicate that Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is highly relevant to the objectives of Islamic Religious Education in fostering the comprehensive development of learners toward becoming insan kamil (the complete human being). The fulfilment of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs, and self-actualization can serve as a foundation for creating more effective and meaningful IRE learning. The reconstruction of IRE learning based on Maslow’s theory includes the formulation of holistic learning objectives, the implementation of dialogical, reflective, and student-centred learning approaches, the strengthening of teachers’ roles as facilitators and mentors, and the development of assessment systems that emphasize not only cognitive achievement but also affective and spiritual development. Thus, Islamic Religious Education can be transformed from a mere process of knowledge transmission into a process of character formation and the holistic development of human beings.
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Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam pelaksanaannya, terutama kecenderungan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada transfer pengetahuan dan pencapaian aspek kognitif semata. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan proses pembelajaran kurang mampu menyentuh aspek afektif, spiritual, dan pembentukan karakter peserta didik secara optimal. Akibatnya, peserta didik memiliki pengetahuan keagamaan yang cukup, namun belum sepenuhnya mampu menginternalisasikan nilai-nilai Islam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan rekonstruksi pembelajaran PAI yang lebih humanis, transformatif, dan berorientasi pada pengembangan potensi peserta didik secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teori humanistik Abraham Maslow, mengkaji relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam, serta merumuskan rekonstruksi pembelajaran PAI berbasis teori humanistik Maslow. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan mengkaji berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan teori humanistik, pendidikan Islam, dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow memiliki relevansi dengan tujuan Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam mengembangkan seluruh potensi peserta didik menuju insan kamil. Pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis, rasa aman, kasih sayang, penghargaan, dan aktualisasi diri dapat menjadi landasan dalam menciptakan pembelajaran PAI yang lebih efektif dan bermakna. Rekonstruksi pembelajaran PAI berbasis teori Maslow dilakukan melalui perumusan tujuan pembelajaran yang holistik, penerapan pendekatan dialogis, reflektif, dan berpusat pada peserta didik, penguatan peran guru sebagai fasilitator dan pembimbing, serta pengembangan sistem evaluasi yang tidak hanya menekankan aspek kognitif tetapi juga aspek afektif dan spiritual. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran PAI dapat bertransformasi dari sekadar proses transfer pengetahuan menjadi proses pembentukan karakter dan pengembangan manusia seutuhnya.
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